{"id":1213,"date":"2025-07-25T21:25:51","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T20:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/planetmacneil.org\/blog\/?page_id=1213"},"modified":"2025-08-01T20:27:16","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T19:27:16","slug":"analytical-outline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/planetmacneil.org\/blog\/the-foundations-of-philosophy-epistemological-self-consciousness\/analytical-outline\/","title":{"rendered":"Analytical Outline"},"content":{"rendered":"

Preface. i<\/a><\/p>\n

Acknowledgements. iii<\/a><\/p>\n

\n 1. Introduction. 1<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n1.1 The Foundations of Philosophy\u2014and the Epistemologically Self-Conscious Project. 1<\/a>
\n1.2 The Skeptical Challenge. 2<\/a>
\n1.3 Apologetics. 3<\/a>
\n1.3.1 Apologetics as the Rational Defense of Christianity. 3<\/a>
\n1.3.2 Classical and Evidential Apologetics 3<\/a>
\n1.3.3 Presuppositional Apologetics 5<\/a>
\n1.3.4 Subjective Apologetics and Religious Experience. 8<\/a>
\n1.4 The Status and Role of Scripture. 13<\/a>
\n1.5 Epistemological Un-<\/em>consciousness and its Transcendental Critique. 17<\/a>
\n1.6 Transcendentalist but not Kantian Creative Antirealism.. 18<\/a>
\n1.7 Epistemological Self-Consciousness as Augustinian Apologetics. 21<\/a>
\n1.8 Epistemological Self-Consciousness as a Scientific Project 22<\/a>
\n1.8.1 The Challenge of Perennial Naturalism in the Academy. 22<\/a>
\n1.8.2 The Status of Science\u2014Preliminary Remarks 23<\/a>
\n1.8.3 The Problem of Induction. 25<\/a>
\n1.8.4\u00a0 Political Ethics and Science. 29<\/a>
\n1.8.5 Science is more than Propositional Statements. 31<\/a>
\n1.8.6 Science as Correlated with Epistemology and Philosophy. 35<\/a>
\n1.8.7 Avoiding The \u201cTyranny of Science\u201d. 38<\/a>
\n1.9 Philosophy as Transformative. 41<\/a>
\n1.10 Summary and Conclusion. 47<\/a>
\n1.11 Chapter Outlines. 51<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n2. The Nature, Character, and Purpose of Philosophy. 53<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n2.1 Overview.. 53<\/a>
\n2.2 Origins. 54<\/a>
\n2.3 Can We Defend the Tripartite Division of Philosophy?. 59<\/a>
\n2.3.1 The Division of Reason and The Egocentric Predicament 59<\/a>
\n2.3.2 Epistemic Rights and Epistemic Necessity. 60<\/a>
\n2.3.3 The Struggle for Metaphysics. 62<\/a>
\n2.3.4 The Principle of Verification. 64<\/a>
\n2.4 The Nature of Philosophy – Analysis and Synthesis 67<\/a>
\n2.5 The Character\u2014Correspondence, Coherence, Truth, and Objectivity. 70<\/a>
\n2.6 The Purpose of Philosophy\u2014Responding to Skepticism.. 73<\/a>
\n2.6.1 The Problem.. 73<\/a>
\n2.6.2 Descartes, Hume, and Kant 75<\/a>
\n2.6.3 The Fallibilists 78<\/a>
\n2.6.4 Realism, and the Role of Common Sense. 79<\/a>
\n2.6.5 The Therapeutic Conception of Philosophy. 81<\/a>
\n2.6.6 The Pragmatic Conception of Philosophy. 84<\/a>
\n2.6.7 The Positivist Conception of Philosophy. 86<\/a>
\n2.6.8 The Post-Darwinian Naturalist Conception of Philosophy. 89<\/a>
\n2.7 Fallibilism and Modern Science – Universe or Multiverse?. 91<\/a>
\n2.7.1 The Intellectual Challenge of the Concept of Chance. 91<\/a>
\n2.7.2 The New Physics. 92<\/a>
\n2.7.3 Cosmological and Teleological Arguments. 94<\/a>
\n2.7.4 The Fine-Tuning Problem.. 95<\/a>
\n2.7.5 Certainty and Reasonable Verisimilitude. 99<\/a>
\n2.7.6 Conclusion. 100<\/a>
\n2.8 The Imperative for Epistemological Self-Consciousness 101<\/a>
\n2.8.1 The Quest for Common Ground. 101<\/a>
\n2.8.2 Beyond Common Ground. 107<\/a>
\n2.8.3 Holism.. 109<\/a>
\n2.8.4 The Unity of Apperception. 111<\/a>
\n2.8.5 Epistemological Self-Consciousness and Uncertainty. 112<\/a>
\n2.9 Summary and Conclusion. 114<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n3 A Christian Conception of Philosophy. 119<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n3.1 Overview.. 119<\/a>
\n3.2 Metaphysics 120<\/a>
\n3.2.1 Speculative, Descriptive and Revisionary Metaphysics. 120<\/a>
\n3.2.2 Metaphysics as the Foundation of Science. 125<\/a>
\n3.2.3 Metaphysics as the Organizing Transcendentals. 128<\/a>
\n3.3 Epistemology. 129<\/a>
\n3.3.1 Introduction. 129<\/a>
\n3.3.2 A Philosophy of Facts. 129<\/a>
\n3.3.3 A Philosophy of Evidences. 133<\/a>
\n3.3.4 Overcoming Skepticism.. 136<\/a>
\n3.3.5 Two Dogmas of Evolutionary Thought 146<\/a>
\n3.3.6 Physicalism.. 151<\/a>
\n3.3.7 Those That Survive Think Inductively. 152<\/a>
\n3.3.8 If All We Have Is Nature\u2026… 153<\/a>
\n3.3.9 Justified True Belief (JTB), Gettier and Epistemic Warrant 154<\/a>
\n3.3.10 Plantinga and Warranted Belief 156<\/a>
\n3.4 Ethics. 166<\/a>
\n3.4.1 Introduction. 166<\/a>
\n3.4.2 Ethics, Moral Knowledge, and Worldview.. 168<\/a>
\n3.4.3 Theonomy and Ethics. 170<\/a>
\n3.4.4 Modern Theonomy. 175<\/a>
\n3.5 Christian \u201cWorldview Philosophy\u201d. 179<\/a>
\n3.5.1 Introduction. 179<\/a>
\n3.5.2 What is \u201cChristian Worldview\u201d Philosophy?. 180<\/a>
\n3.5.3 The Requirement for a Worldview Transcendental 182<\/a>
\n3.5.4 Evidentialism and Rationalism.. 184<\/a>
\n3.5.5 The Impossibility of \u201cRight Reason\u201d and \u201cCommon Ground\u201d. 186<\/a>
\n3.5.6 Plantinga and Van Til on Apologetics\u2014Contrast and Confluence. 189<\/a>
\n3.6 Summary and Conclusion. 191<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n4 Beyond Anti-Philosophy to Transcendentalism.. 195<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n4.1 Transcendentalism\u2014First Remarks 195<\/a>
\n4.2 Transcendentalism and Skepticism.. 197<\/a>
\n4.3 Practical and Theoretical Reason. 198<\/a>
\n4.4 Worldviews and Ultimate Authority. 201<\/a>
\n4.5 All Reasoning is \u2018Circular Reasoning\u2019 but not all Reasoning is \u2018Viciously Circular\u2019. 204<\/a>
\n4.6 A Form of Life. 206<\/a>
\n4.7 The Necessity of a Transcendental Defense. 209<\/a>
\n4.8 The Transcendental Mode of Criticism.. 212<\/a>
\n4.9 Summary and Conclusion. 213<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n5 The Christian Presupposition. 217<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n5.1 The Christian Transcendental as the Only True Transcendental 217<\/a>
\n5.2 Contingency and Predestination. 219<\/a>
\n5.3 General Revelation and Special Revelation. 222<\/a>
\n5.4 Common Grace, Pluralism and Epistemological Self-Consciousness 223<\/a>
\n5.5 Sovereignty, Indeterminacy and Natural Law.. 226<\/a>
\n5.6 Biblical Presuppositionalism.. 234<\/a>
\n5.7 Summary and Conclusion. 238<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n6 The Transcendental Argument for God (TAG) 241<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n6.1 Introduction. 241<\/a>
\n6.2 Logical Form and Overview.. 242<\/a>
\n6.3 The Distinctiveness of Transcendental Reasoning. 244<\/a>
\n6.3.1 The Conclusion is a Transcendental<\/em> 244<\/a>
\n6.3.2 All Reasoning Is Circular Reasoning. 244<\/a>
\n6.3.3 The Scope of the Argument 245<\/a>
\n6.3.4 The Kant Controversy. 247<\/a>
\n6.3.5 Option \u201cA\u201d and Option \u201cB\u201d Transcendental Arguments. 249<\/a>
\n6.4 Van Til\u2019s Transcendentalism.. 250<\/a>
\n6.4.1 Presuppositional Apologetics 250<\/a>
\n6.4.2 From Probability to Certainty. 251<\/a>
\n6.4.3 Indirect Argumentation. 252<\/a>
\n6.5 The Criticisms of TAG.. 254<\/a>
\n6.5.1 Global Criticisms of Transcendentalism.. 254<\/a>
\n6.5.2 The Nature of TAG.. 256<\/a>
\n6.5.3 The Uniqueness Proof 258<\/a>
\n6.5.4 The Mere Sufficiency of the Christian Worldview.. 258<\/a>
\n6.5.5 The \u2018Fristianity\u2019 Objection. 259<\/a>
\n6.5.6 From Conceptual Necessity to Ontological Necessity. 260<\/a>
\n6.6 Summary and Conclusion. 263<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n7 The Philosophy of Christian Involvement 268<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n7.1 Overview and Prerequisites. 268<\/a>
\n7.2 The Imperative for a Political Ethic. 269<\/a>
\n7.2.1 Is Political Involvement Legitimate?. 269<\/a>
\n7.2.2 One Further Possibility – Political Neutrality. 271<\/a>
\n7.2.3 The Lack of a Shared Cultural Reference. 273<\/a>
\n7.2.4 The Importance of Our History. 274<\/a>
\n7.3 The Role of Epistemological Self-Consciousness and Two Basic Principles. 274<\/a>
\n7.3.1 Are We Called to Defend Truth?. 274<\/a>
\n7.3.2 The Response of Epistemological Self-Consciousness in Brief 276<\/a>
\n7.3.3 The Domains of Study. 277<\/a>
\n7.3.4 Our Civic Responsibility\u2014Recovering It Through Dominion Theology. 277<\/a>
\n7.3.5 The Theonomic Imperative. 280<\/a>
\n7.4 Theocracy or Representative Government 282<\/a>
\n7.5 Understanding Romans 13. 284<\/a>
\n7.5.1 Overview.. 284<\/a>
\n7.5.2 The Context of Romans 13. 285<\/a>
\n7.5.3 Obedience and Submission are Different Concepts. 286<\/a>
\n7.5.4 The Boundaries of Christian Resistance. 287<\/a>
\n7.5.5 Christians can be Revolutionaries. 289<\/a>
\n7.6 Final Words. 291<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\n8 Final Conclusion. 294<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n8.1 Summary. 294<\/a>
\n8.2 Specific Conclusions 295<\/a>
\n8.2.1 Overcoming Skepticism.. 295<\/a>
\n8.2.2 Philosophy and Science. 297<\/a>
\n8.2.3 Christianity, Religious Experience and Apologetic Philosophy. 299<\/a>
\n8.2.4 Transcendentalism and TAG.. 305<\/a>
\n8.3 The Contribution of Our Thesis as Original Research. 309<\/a>
\n8.3.1 As Augustinian Apologetics 309<\/a>
\n8.3.2 In Opposition to Scientism.. 311<\/a>
\n8.3.3 As Synthesis of Van Til and Plantinga. 311<\/a>
\n8.4 The Wider Relevance of the Research. 314<\/a>
\n8.4.1 As Van Tillian Scholarship. 314<\/a>
\n8.4.2 Christian Ethics. 315<\/a>
\n8.4.3 As Political Philosophy. 317<\/a>
\n8.5 Limitations to this Research. 318<\/a>
\n8.6 Recommendation for Further Research. 320<\/a>\n<\/div>\n

\nBibliography\u00a0 323<\/a><\/p>\n

Index of Names 349<\/a><\/p>\n

Index of Subjects 341<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

\n
\n
Contents<\/a><\/div>\n
Preface<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Preface. i Acknowledgements. iii 1. Introduction. 1 1.1 The Foundations of Philosophy\u2014and the Epistemologically Self-Conscious Project. 1 1.2 The Skeptical Challenge. 2 1.3 Apologetics. 3 1.3.1 Apologetics as the Rational Defense of Christianity. 3 1.3.2 Classical and Evidential Apologetics 3 1.3.3 Presuppositional Apologetics 5 1.3.4 Subjective Apologetics and Religious Experience. 8 1.4 The Status and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1176,"parent":1136,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1213","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\r\nEPISTEMOLOGICAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS: Analytical Outline - Planet M Blog<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHILOSOPHY \u2014 EPISTEMOLOGICAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS, ToC\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/planetmacneil.org\/blog\/the-foundations-of-philosophy-epistemological-self-consciousness\/analytical-outline\/\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EPISTEMOLOGICAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS: Analytical Outline - 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